{"id":19008,"date":"2022-08-11T11:06:58","date_gmt":"2022-08-11T11:06:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nimd.org\/tunisias-constitutional-referendum-a-threat-to-democracy\/"},"modified":"2025-04-07T08:15:21","modified_gmt":"2025-04-07T08:15:21","slug":"tunisias-constitutional-referendum-a-threat-to-democracy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nimd.org\/fr\/tunisias-constitutional-referendum-a-threat-to-democracy\/","title":{"rendered":"R\u00e9f\u00e9rendum constitutionnel en Tunisie : Une menace pour la d\u00e9mocratie"},"content":{"rendered":"

Thijs Berman, directeur ex\u00e9cutif du NIMD, explore les racines du d\u00e9clin d\u00e9mocratique de la Tunisie et la mani\u00e8re dont les partis politiques peuvent \u0153uvrer \u00e0 la sauvegarde de la d\u00e9mocratie.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Le 25 juillet, la Tunisie a organis\u00e9 un r\u00e9f\u00e9rendum constitutionnel qui a donn\u00e9 au pr\u00e9sident des pouvoirs \u00e9tendus tout en limitant largement le r\u00f4le du parlement.<\/p>\n

L'opposition a boycott\u00e9 le r\u00e9f\u00e9rendum et pr\u00e8s de 70% des \u00e9lecteurs tunisiens sont rest\u00e9s chez eux. Bien que le faible taux de participation mette s\u00e9rieusement en doute le soutien populaire \u00e0 cette nouvelle Constitution, le pr\u00e9sident Ka\u00efs Sa\u00efed est d\u00e9termin\u00e9 \u00e0 aller de l'avant, affirmant que \"la Tunisie est d\u00e9sormais entr\u00e9e dans une nouvelle phase\".<\/p>\n

Des contr\u00f4les et des \u00e9quilibres limit\u00e9s<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Cette nouvelle phase repr\u00e9sente une grande menace pour la d\u00e9mocratie. Elle ram\u00e8ne en effet la Tunisie \u00e0 la situation qui pr\u00e9valait avant le printemps arabe de 2011.<\/p>\n

Les libert\u00e9s civiles ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient plus des garanties qui avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 fermement ancr\u00e9es dans la Constitution de 2014. L'ind\u00e9pendance du pouvoir judiciaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 affaiblie.<\/p>\n

Et la Tunisie aura, dans un avenir pr\u00e9visible, un pr\u00e9sident dot\u00e9 de pouvoirs incontr\u00f4l\u00e9s qui d\u00e9passent de loin ce qui serait acceptable dans une d\u00e9mocratie saine. Le pr\u00e9sident peut nommer et r\u00e9voquer le chef du gouvernement comme bon lui semble. Il peut r\u00e9diger des lois qui seront adopt\u00e9es en \"priorit\u00e9\" par le parlement. Il peut m\u00eame modifier directement la Constitution.<\/p>\n

Le pays est revenu \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me pr\u00e9sidentiel complet, mais avec des contr\u00f4les et des contrepoids tr\u00e8s limit\u00e9s.<\/p>\n

Qu'est-ce qui n'a pas fonctionn\u00e9 ?<\/strong><\/h3>\n

La Tunisie offre une sombre le\u00e7on \u00e0 tous les d\u00e9mocrates du monde entier. Le d\u00e9clin d\u00e9mocratique du pays sugg\u00e8re qu'il ne suffit pas de garantir les droits politiques dans un syst\u00e8me d\u00e9mocratique avec un parlement fort, comme la Tunisie l'a fait depuis 2014. Il ne suffit pas non plus d'introduire des contr\u00f4les et des \u00e9quilibres sur les institutions, qui \u00e9taient absents dans le pays jusqu'\u00e0 cette date. La population tunisienne attendait plus que ces droits formels, inscrits dans la Constitution.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

La le\u00e7on de la Tunisie se r\u00e9p\u00e8te de l'Afghanistan au Salvador, du Mali au Burkina Faso : La d\u00e9mocratie devient un mot vide de sens lorsqu'elle permet \u00e0 chaque adulte de voter, mais qu'elle ne sert que les int\u00e9r\u00eats d'une poign\u00e9e de privil\u00e9gi\u00e9s. Lorsque les aspects formels de la d\u00e9mocratie sont en place mais que la s\u00e9curit\u00e9, un besoin fondamental pour chacun d'entre nous, existe \u00e0 peine en dehors des murs du palais pr\u00e9sidentiel. Lorsque les hommes politiques pr\u00e9tendent solennellement d\u00e9fendre les valeurs et les droits universels, mais oublient qu'ils sont les repr\u00e9sentants du peuple. De tout le peuple. C'est alors que la population commence \u00e0 perdre confiance dans le syst\u00e8me.<\/p>\n

L'importance des jeunes<\/strong><\/h3>\n

En Tunisie, la d\u00e9cennie d\u00e9mocratique qui a suivi le Printemps arabe n'a pas apport\u00e9 la prosp\u00e9rit\u00e9 que les gens attendaient. Aujourd'hui encore, le taux de ch\u00f4mage des jeunes en Tunisie est \u00e9lev\u00e9, pr\u00e8s de 40%.<\/p>\n

Les jeunes ont peut-\u00eatre d\u00e9clench\u00e9 le printemps arabe, mais aujourd'hui, dix ans plus tard, certains d'entre eux applaudissent la main ferme du pr\u00e9sident Sa\u00efed. Beaucoup rejettent les autres dirigeants politiques qui, selon eux, ont pass\u00e9 leur temps \u00e0 se quereller au Parlement sans obtenir de r\u00e9sultats. D'autres se sont tout simplement d\u00e9tourn\u00e9s de la politique. Seuls 1% des jeunes ont vot\u00e9 lors de ce r\u00e9f\u00e9rendum.<\/p>\n

Mais, au milieu de toutes ces d\u00e9sillusions, il y a aussi de l'espoir. Dans le cadre de notre travail en Tunisie, nous avons eu l'occasion de constater de visu l'ambition et le d\u00e9vouement de nombreux jeunes Tunisiens.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Au cours des dix derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, le NIMD a form\u00e9 des centaines de jeunes politiciens dans le pays, en collaboration avec nos partenaires, l'Institut national de la d\u00e9mocratie et des droits de l'homme et l'Institut national de la d\u00e9mocratie et des droits de l'homme. Centre d'\u00e9tudes m\u00e9diterran\u00e9ennes et internationales<\/a> (CEMI) et D\u00e9monstration Finlande<\/a>. C'est l'enthousiasme des jeunes et leurs valeurs de libert\u00e9 et de d\u00e9mocratie qui nous ont incit\u00e9s \u00e0 lancer le programme en 2011.<\/p>\n

Avec la crise politique qui a frapp\u00e9 le pays, le programme a chang\u00e9 d'orientation, laissant plus de place aux discussions sur les valeurs d\u00e9mocratiques et l'importance d'un dialogue respectueux. Les \u00e9l\u00e8ves ont vraiment trouv\u00e9 un \u00e9cho \u00e0 ce sujet. Ils ont pu exprimer leurs pr\u00e9occupations, tout en d\u00e9couvrant la valeur de l'\u00e9coute et de l'adoption d'une approche inclusive. Aujourd'hui, ils sont des citoyens et des politiciens critiques qui ont des points de vue diff\u00e9rents, mais qui d\u00e9fendent tous les valeurs d\u00e9mocratiques et croient en la collaboration \u00e0 travers le spectre politique.<\/p>\n

Regarder vers l'avenir<\/strong><\/h3>\n

La d\u00e9mocratie n'est pas morte en Tunisie le mois dernier. Mais les partis d\u00e9mocratiques du pays sont confront\u00e9s \u00e0 l'\u00e9norme d\u00e9fi de regagner la confiance du public. Ils devront commencer \u00e0 \u00e9couter les jeunes et \u00e0 s'engager avec eux. La voix des jeunes Tunisiens est importante. S'ils soutiennent et d\u00e9fendent les valeurs d\u00e9mocratiques, la Tunisie a une chance de rester sur la voie de la d\u00e9mocratie.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

La d\u00e9mocratie est une question d'engagement et de dialogue. Tout le monde comprend que la vraie d\u00e9mocratie prend du temps - le paradis ne commencera pas au lendemain des \u00e9lections - mais les gens veulent \u00eatre s\u00fbrs que leurs politiciens travaillent avec eux et pour eux. La premi\u00e8re t\u00e2che des partis d\u00e9mocratiques en Tunisie est donc d'\u00e9couter leurs (jeunes) \u00e9lecteurs. Leur deuxi\u00e8me t\u00e2che est de travailler avec eux et de r\u00e9soudre ensemble des probl\u00e8mes concrets. C'est ainsi que la d\u00e9mocratie se d\u00e9veloppe.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Thijs Berman, directeur ex\u00e9cutif du NIMD, explore les racines du d\u00e9clin d\u00e9mocratique de la Tunisie et la mani\u00e8re dont les partis politiques peuvent \u0153uvrer \u00e0 la sauvegarde de la d\u00e9mocratie. Le 25 juillet, la Tunisie a organis\u00e9 un r\u00e9f\u00e9rendum constitutionnel qui a donn\u00e9 au pr\u00e9sident des pouvoirs consid\u00e9rables tout en limitant largement le r\u00f4le du parlement. L'opposition a boycott\u00e9 le r\u00e9f\u00e9rendum et pr\u00e8s de 70% des \u00e9lecteurs tunisiens sont rest\u00e9s chez eux. ... <\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":25060,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[99],"tags":[],"countries":[],"theme":[],"class_list":["post-19008","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nTunisia\u2019s Constitutional Referendum: A threat to Democracy - NIMD<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/nimd.org\/fr\/tunisias-constitutional-referendum-a-threat-to-democracy\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Tunisia\u2019s Constitutional Referendum: A threat to Democracy\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Thijs Berman, NIMD Executive Director, explores the roots of Tunisia\u2019s democratic decline and how political parties can work to safeguard democracy. 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