{"id":18982,"date":"2021-11-29T08:27:43","date_gmt":"2021-11-29T08:27:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nimd.org\/el-salvador-we-need-this-broken-moment-to-think-about-democracy\/"},"modified":"2025-07-07T03:25:58","modified_gmt":"2025-07-07T03:25:58","slug":"el-salvador-we-need-this-broken-moment-to-think-about-democracy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nimd.org\/fr\/el-salvador-we-need-this-broken-moment-to-think-about-democracy\/","title":{"rendered":"Salvador : \"Nous avons besoin de ce moment de rupture pour r\u00e9fl\u00e9chir \u00e0 la d\u00e9mocratie\"."},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em>Le Salvador a connu <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-09-07\/el-salvador-democracy-in-rapid-decline-human-rights-watch-says\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">un d\u00e9clin d\u00e9mocratique<\/a> apr\u00e8s l'\u00e9lection de Nayib Bukele \u00e0 la pr\u00e9sidence en 2019. Si ses promesses de lutte contre la criminalit\u00e9 et la corruption se sont av\u00e9r\u00e9es populaires aupr\u00e8s de beaucoup, ses m\u00e9thodes ont suscit\u00e9 des inqui\u00e9tudes. <\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Bukele a fait entrer des troupes au Congr\u00e8s lorsque les l\u00e9gislateurs d\u00e9battaient de ses propositions, a remplac\u00e9 la chambre constitutionnelle et le procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral ind\u00e9pendant et, r\u00e9cemment, a fait appel \u00e0 l'aide de l'Union europ\u00e9enne. <a href=\"https:\/\/nimd.org\/fr\/nimd-concerned-about-new-ngo-funding-law-in-el-salvador\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a propos\u00e9 une loi imposant des limites au financement \u00e9tranger<\/a> pour les ONG. <\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Ici, <strong>Juan Mel\u00e9ndez, directeur ex\u00e9cutif du NIMD El Salvador<\/strong>L'auteur se penche sur les conditions qui, au Salvador, ont permis \u00e0 Bukele de s'emparer du r\u00e9cit et d'acc\u00e9der au pouvoir, et se penche sur la mani\u00e8re dont le pays peut retrouver le chemin de la d\u00e9mocratie.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Lorsque nous examinons les d\u00e9fis auxquels le Salvador est confront\u00e9 aujourd'hui, il peut \u00eatre tentant de les placer dans un contexte mondial. L'utilisation des m\u00e9dias sociaux par Nayib Bukele, le r\u00e9cit de l'outsider et les confrontations avec l'\u00e9lite sont en effet familiers \u00e0 d'autres leaders populistes dans le monde.<\/p>\n<p>Mais il y a aussi quelque chose de typiquement salvadorien dans la mont\u00e9e au pouvoir de Bukele et dans la position p\u00e9rilleuse de la d\u00e9mocratie dans le pays aujourd'hui.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_12352\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-12352\" style=\"width: 580px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-12352\" src=\"http:\/\/nimd.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/UN7686473_20e_.jpg\" alt=\"Members of El Salvador's FMLN celebrating after the 1992 peace accord\" width=\"580\" height=\"413\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-12352\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Membres du FMLN f\u00eatant l'accord de paix de 1992.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Le Salvador a une longue histoire de r\u00e9volution et de r\u00e9bellion. Tout le monde a un peu de Che Guevara en soi. Dans les ann\u00e9es 1960 et 1970, les forces de gauche et de droite se sont livr\u00e9es une bataille sans merci. Un accord de paix sign\u00e9 en 1992 a mis fin \u00e0 notre longue guerre civile, mais cette mentalit\u00e9 de guerre froide est rest\u00e9e.<\/p>\n<p>Malheureusement, cette situation a jet\u00e9 une ombre sur notre d\u00e9mocratie. Les deux partis qui ont domin\u00e9 la politique au Salvador au cours des trois derni\u00e8res d\u00e9cennies sont issus des diff\u00e9rents camps de la guerre civile - le FMLN \u00e0 gauche et l'ARENA \u00e0 droite - et ils ont continu\u00e9 \u00e0 s'opposer l'un \u00e0 l'autre sans envisager de travailler ensemble. Ces partis semblaient toujours dans l'impasse. Ils bloquaient constamment les propositions de l'autre au parlement, et la population, voyant les combats, s'est lass\u00e9e et a perdu ses illusions.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_12359\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-12359\" style=\"width: 580px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-12359\" src=\"http:\/\/nimd.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Juan_Melendez.jpg\" alt=\"Juan Mel\u00e9ndez\" width=\"580\" height=\"322\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-12359\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Juan Mel\u00e9ndez, directeur du NIMD au Salvador<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Si l'accord de paix a d\u00e9fini les conditions de la d\u00e9mocratie - une presse libre, des \u00e9lections libres et un syst\u00e8me multipartite - personne n'a travaill\u00e9 sur la culture d\u00e9mocratique sous-jacente. Personne n'a parl\u00e9 d'\u00e9quilibre des pouvoirs. Les pens\u00e9es multipartites et plurielles sont rest\u00e9es en dehors de la bo\u00eete. Le syst\u00e8me d\u00e9mocratique est rest\u00e9 en construction.<\/p>\n<p>Entre-temps, rien d'autre n'a chang\u00e9. Tout le monde s'est r\u00e9joui de la paix, mais les espoirs que la d\u00e9mocratie apporterait une meilleure qualit\u00e9 de vie ne se sont jamais concr\u00e9tis\u00e9s. La pauvret\u00e9 et les in\u00e9galit\u00e9s ont persist\u00e9. De nombreuses personnes sont parties aux \u00c9tats-Unis pour trouver des opportunit\u00e9s de gagner de l'argent.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\"Les gens ne croyaient plus au gouvernement, ils ne croyaient plus \u00e0 la d\u00e9mocratie, ils ne croyaient plus aux hommes politiques.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>La corruption est \u00e9galement un probl\u00e8me majeur, chaque parti politique \u00e9tant impliqu\u00e9 dans des affaires de corruption. Parmi les trois derniers pr\u00e9sidents avant Bukele, Antonio Saca est en prison et Mauricio Funes et Salvador S\u00e1nchez Cer\u00e9n sont au Nicaragua pour \u00e9chapper aux accusations de corruption qui p\u00e8sent sur eux.<\/p>\n<p>Compte tenu de cette histoire et de ce contexte, il n'est pas surprenant que les gens aient perdu la foi. Ils ne croyaient plus au gouvernement, ils ne croyaient plus \u00e0 la d\u00e9mocratie, ils ne croyaient plus aux hommes politiques. Ainsi, lorsque Bukele s'est positionn\u00e9 comme un outsider, contre les \u00e9lites et un peu rebelle, cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 un r\u00e9cit attrayant.<\/p>\n<p>Mais si je suis constern\u00e9 par les menaces qui p\u00e8sent sur l'ind\u00e9pendance du syst\u00e8me judiciaire au Salvador et par la pression croissante exerc\u00e9e sur les forces d'opposition, je suis \u00e9galement plein d'espoir.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_12350\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-12350\" style=\"width: 589px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-12350\" src=\"http:\/\/nimd.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/UN726476_7bd_.jpg\" alt=\"President of El Salvador Nayib Bukele addresses UN General Assembly\" width=\"589\" height=\"393\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-12350\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Nayib Bukele s'adresse \u00e0 l'Assembl\u00e9e g\u00e9n\u00e9rale des Nations unies en 2019<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>L'\u00e9lection de Bukele nous a donn\u00e9 une opportunit\u00e9. Dans le pass\u00e9, les gens ne pensaient pas qu'il \u00e9tait n\u00e9cessaire de parler de d\u00e9mocratie. On partait du principe que nous avions un syst\u00e8me d\u00e9mocratique, ce qui a cr\u00e9\u00e9 une certaine complaisance au sein de la population et des partis politiques. Personne ne semblait int\u00e9ress\u00e9 par l'am\u00e9lioration du syst\u00e8me.<\/p>\n<p>Maintenant, nous voyons que la d\u00e9mocratie est n\u00e9cessaire. Enfin, les progressistes parlent de d\u00e9mocratie. Les groupes r\u00e9volutionnaires parlent de d\u00e9mocratie. Les jeunes parlent de d\u00e9mocratie. Les gens parlent de la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 d'un contr\u00f4le et d'un \u00e9quilibre, de la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 de d\u00e9velopper un v\u00e9ritable syst\u00e8me multipartite dans lequel chaque voix est entendue.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Une opportunit\u00e9 de changement<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Nous avons vu des milliers de personnes manifester dans les rues pour r\u00e9clamer la d\u00e9mocratie. C'est un bon moment pour la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile. Les manifestants - des mouvements sociaux comme les f\u00e9ministes, les groupes environnementaux, les groupes agricoles, les travailleurs - se r\u00e9unissent pour la premi\u00e8re fois avec un objectif commun. Ils sont encore en train de se consolider, mais il est possible qu'ils forment de nouveaux mouvements politiques ou qu'ils soutiennent les candidats des partis politiques existants.<\/p>\n<p>Notre travail de formation \u00e0 la d\u00e9mocratie pour des personnes issues de l'ensemble du spectre politique suscite un regain d'int\u00e9r\u00eat.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_12357\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-12357\" style=\"width: 580px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-12357 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/nimd.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/El-Salvador-small.jpg\" alt=\"El Salvador training session\" width=\"580\" height=\"387\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-12357\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Le NIMD Salvador a toujours promu l'inclusivit\u00e9 et l'impartialit\u00e9 dans ses formations.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Il s'agit d'une opportunit\u00e9, et il est important que les partis politiques existants le reconnaissent \u00e9galement. Les dirigeants des deux partis traditionnels sont pour la plupart \u00e2g\u00e9s et fig\u00e9s dans leurs habitudes. Ils pensent que le probl\u00e8me se limite \u00e0 Bukele. Ils n'examinent pas les failles du syst\u00e8me d\u00e9mocratique qui ont facilit\u00e9 son accession au pouvoir, et ce moment d'introspection est n\u00e9cessaire.<\/p>\n<p>Les partis politiques doivent changer et reconna\u00eetre que leur polarisation bien ancr\u00e9e et leur incapacit\u00e9 \u00e0 travailler ensemble au-del\u00e0 des lignes id\u00e9ologiques ont largement contribu\u00e9 \u00e0 alimenter la d\u00e9sillusion qui a permis \u00e0 Bukele de s'emparer de l'histoire.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\"Nous avions besoin de ce moment de rupture pour r\u00e9fl\u00e9chir \u00e0 la d\u00e9mocratie.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Ce qui s'est pass\u00e9 au Salvador est aussi un avertissement aux autres pays de ne pas consid\u00e9rer la d\u00e9mocratie comme acquise. C'est un travail en cours, et sans efforts et investissements soutenus, elle peut commencer \u00e0 reculer \u00e0 une vitesse alarmante.<\/p>\n<p>Les jeunes du Salvador le reconnaissent aujourd'hui. Nous avions besoin de ce moment de rupture pour r\u00e9fl\u00e9chir \u00e0 la d\u00e9mocratie. Ces derniers mois, j'ai enfin un peu d'espoir, car les jeunes parlent de d\u00e9mocratie, ils parlent de dialogue. Maintenant, en tant que d\u00e9mocrates salvadoriens - avec le soutien de la communaut\u00e9 internationale - nous devons nous assurer que nous soutenons ces r\u00eaves de v\u00e9ritable d\u00e9mocratie.<\/p>\n<p><em>Une version de cet article a \u00e9t\u00e9 publi\u00e9e sur le site <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lachispa.nl\/artikelen-politiek-maatschappij\/vanuit-deze-crisis-moeten-we-aan-de-opbouw-van-de-democratie-gaan-werken\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Magazine d'information en ligne n\u00e9erlandophone sur l'Am\u00e9rique latine, La Chispa<\/a>.\u00a0<\/em><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Le Salvador conna\u00eet un d\u00e9clin d\u00e9mocratique depuis l'\u00e9lection de Nayib Bukele \u00e0 la pr\u00e9sidence en 2019. Si ses promesses de s'attaquer \u00e0 la criminalit\u00e9 et \u00e0 la corruption se sont av\u00e9r\u00e9es populaires aupr\u00e8s de beaucoup, ses m\u00e9thodes ont suscit\u00e9 des inqui\u00e9tudes. Bukele a fait entrer des troupes au Congr\u00e8s lorsque les l\u00e9gislateurs d\u00e9battaient de ses propositions, a remplac\u00e9 la chambre constitutionnelle et le procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral ind\u00e9pendant, et ... <a href=\"https:\/\/nimd.org\/fr\/el-salvador-we-need-this-broken-moment-to-think-about-democracy\/\"><\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":25004,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[149],"tags":[],"countries":[82],"theme":[73],"class_list":["post-18982","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-opinion-analysis","countries-el-salvador","theme-responsive-politics"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.1 (Yoast SEO v27.1.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>El Salvador: \u2018We need this broken moment to think about democracy\u2019 - NIMD<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/nimd.org\/fr\/el-salvador-we-need-this-broken-moment-to-think-about-democracy\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"El Salvador: \u2018We need this broken moment to think about democracy\u2019\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"El Salvador has been experiencing a democratic decline following the election of Nayib Bukele as President in 2019. 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