{"id":18970,"date":"2021-08-20T15:06:46","date_gmt":"2021-08-20T15:06:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nimd.org\/lessons-from-afghanistan\/"},"modified":"2025-04-07T08:12:48","modified_gmt":"2025-04-07T08:12:48","slug":"lessons-from-afghanistan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nimd.org\/fr\/lessons-from-afghanistan\/","title":{"rendered":"Les le\u00e7ons de l'Afghanistan"},"content":{"rendered":"

Par Thijs Berman<\/strong>Thijs est directeur ex\u00e9cutif du NIMD. Thijs a \u00e9t\u00e9 chef de la mission d'observation \u00e9lectorale de l'Union europ\u00e9enne en Afghanistan en 2009 et 2014. Il examine ce qui n'a pas fonctionn\u00e9 en Afghanistan et ce que les d\u00e9fenseurs de la d\u00e9mocratie peuvent apprendre pour l'avenir. <\/em><\/p>\n

En vingt ans, le drame du peuple afghan s'est d\u00e9roul\u00e9 en trois actes. Le premier acte a \u00e9t\u00e9 marqu\u00e9 par un soulagement intense apr\u00e8s l'\u00e9viction du r\u00e9gime taliban et l'espoir d'un avenir meilleur, en particulier pour les femmes et les jeunes filles.<\/p>\n

De nombreux Afghans ont partag\u00e9 cette euphorie et cet optimisme, mettant leur foi dans les promesses de d\u00e9mocratie et de libert\u00e9 pour tous. Ils ont vot\u00e9 lors d'\u00e9lections dont ils pensaient qu'elles annonceraient cette nouvelle \u00e8re de libert\u00e9, risquant courageusement leur vie pour s'assurer que leur voix serait entendue dans le nouvel Afghanistan.<\/p>\n

Cette foi et ce courage m\u00e9ritent d'\u00eatre respect\u00e9s par la communaut\u00e9 internationale et soutenus par des investissements transparents et \u00e0 long terme dans les institutions d\u00e9mocratiques, par un dialogue politique inclusif men\u00e9 par le peuple afghan et par une tol\u00e9rance z\u00e9ro \u00e0 l'\u00e9gard de la corruption et du n\u00e9potisme.<\/p>\n

\"La stabilit\u00e9 n'est pas le fruit de la puissance militaire.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Mais le deuxi\u00e8me acte est arriv\u00e9, lorsque ces grands espoirs ont fait place \u00e0 la d\u00e9sillusion, au cynisme et \u00e0 l'amertume face aux promesses non tenues. Une gouvernance responsable et transparente, assur\u00e9e par une administration arriv\u00e9e au pouvoir \u00e0 l'issue d'\u00e9lections l\u00e9gitimes et ouvertes \u00e0 tous, constitue le fondement d'une v\u00e9ritable soci\u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9mocratique. Malheureusement, en Afghanistan, la l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 et la cr\u00e9dibilit\u00e9 du gouvernement afghan ont \u00e9t\u00e9 sap\u00e9es par la corruption et la fraude, favoris\u00e9es par une communaut\u00e9 internationale qui a trop souvent ferm\u00e9 les yeux sur les d\u00e9faillances des gouvernements qu'elle a contribu\u00e9 \u00e0 cr\u00e9er. La coalition dirig\u00e9e par les \u00c9tats-Unis n'a fait que des tentatives timides pour endiguer le d\u00e9veloppement de la corruption et n'a pas d\u00e9nonc\u00e9 les fraudes massives commises lors des \u00e9lections successives. Cela a ouvert la voie \u00e0 l'\u00e9rosion progressive de la cr\u00e9dibilit\u00e9 et de la l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 de l'administration afghane.<\/p>\n

Les missions militaires, aussi importantes et co\u00fbteuses soient-elles, ne peuvent r\u00e9soudre les questions soci\u00e9tales. La stabilit\u00e9 ne vient pas de la puissance militaire. Elle d\u00e9coule de la bonne gouvernance et de la croissance d'institutions d\u00e9mocratiques fortes dans un tissu social inclusif au sein de la culture existante.<\/p>\n

\"US
Afghanistan 42, David Axe, CC BY-NC 2.0, https:\/\/bit.ly\/3swL9A5<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Il ne suffit pas d'injecter de l'argent dans un pays sans contr\u00f4le, sans responsabilit\u00e9 et sans investissement dans l'infrastructure d\u00e9mocratique. Et ce n'est pas aussi simple que de mettre en place des \u00e9lections et des institutions. La d\u00e9mocratie doit venir de l'int\u00e9rieur. Elle est incarn\u00e9e par un ensemble de valeurs - de la responsabilit\u00e9 \u00e0 la collaboration et au dialogue - partag\u00e9es par les citoyens et ceux qui les repr\u00e9sentent.<\/p>\n

Rien de tout cela ne s'est produit en Afghanistan. Au lieu de cela, les personnes qui ont cru en ces promesses d'un avenir meilleur se cachent aujourd'hui derri\u00e8re des portes ferm\u00e9es, terrifi\u00e9es par ce que l'avenir leur r\u00e9serve. Ce sont les femmes qui ont cru aux promesses d'une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9galitaire et inclusive et qui ont pris des risques consid\u00e9rables pour entrer en politique ; les jeunes qui ont pris le r\u00f4le de d\u00e9fenseurs des droits de l'homme ; les journalistes qui ont cru qu'ils travailleraient dans une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 libre et \u00e9quitable.<\/p>\n

C'est ainsi que l'Afghanistan entre dans son troisi\u00e8me acte. Le gouvernement corrompu est tomb\u00e9 et les talibans sont de retour. C'est un troisi\u00e8me acte de d\u00e9sespoir et de chaos. Les le\u00e7ons tir\u00e9es de l'Afghanistan peuvent \u00eatre appliqu\u00e9es ailleurs, mais elles pourraient aussi ouvrir la voie \u00e0 un nouvel acte en Afghanistan m\u00eame. Des manifestations ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 eu lieu dans plusieurs villes. Il est clair que la jeune g\u00e9n\u00e9ration ne se laisse pas faire aussi facilement - les gens ne sont pas pr\u00eats \u00e0 abandonner leurs libert\u00e9s apr\u00e8s vingt ans. Ils ont besoin du soutien du monde.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Par Thijs Berman, directeur ex\u00e9cutif du NIMD. Thijs a dirig\u00e9 la mission d'observation \u00e9lectorale de l'Union europ\u00e9enne en Afghanistan en 2009 et 2014. Il examine ce qui n'a pas fonctionn\u00e9 en Afghanistan et ce que les d\u00e9fenseurs de la d\u00e9mocratie peuvent apprendre pour l'avenir. En vingt ans, le drame du peuple afghan s'est d\u00e9roul\u00e9 en trois actes. Le premier ... <\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":24974,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[149],"tags":[],"countries":[],"theme":[],"class_list":["post-18970","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-opinion-analysis"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nLessons from Afghanistan - NIMD<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/nimd.org\/fr\/lessons-from-afghanistan\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Lessons from Afghanistan\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"By Thijs Berman, Executive Director of NIMD. 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