{"id":18707,"date":"2018-07-23T08:19:44","date_gmt":"2018-07-23T08:19:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nimd.org\/politics-can-fix-the-broken-aid-system-but-needs-fixing-first\/"},"modified":"2025-04-07T07:59:15","modified_gmt":"2025-04-07T07:59:15","slug":"politics-can-fix-the-broken-aid-system-but-needs-fixing-first","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nimd.org\/fr\/politics-can-fix-the-broken-aid-system-but-needs-fixing-first\/","title":{"rendered":"La politique peut r\u00e9parer le syst\u00e8me d'aide d\u00e9faillant, mais il faut d'abord le r\u00e9parer"},"content":{"rendered":"

Par Simone Filippini et Anthony Smith*<\/strong><\/p>\n

Le 16 juillet,\u00a0Quinze \u00e9conomistes de premier plan ont affirm\u00e9 dans The Guardian que l'engouement pour l'\"efficacit\u00e9 de l'aide\" ne permet pas de s'attaquer aux causes profondes de la pauvret\u00e9.<\/a>. Ils affirment que les essais de contr\u00f4le randomis\u00e9s, les cadres logiques et les cadres de r\u00e9sultats \u00e0 cocher passent \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 des questions qui doivent vraiment \u00eatre abord\u00e9es, des questions qui contribueraient \u00e0 un v\u00e9ritable changement, et que nous essayons trop souvent d'appliquer un pansement sur une plaie b\u00e9ante.<\/p>\n

Nous sommes tout \u00e0 fait d'accord ! Si nous ne changeons pas les choses et ne commen\u00e7ons pas \u00e0 nous attaquer aux causes profondes, nous ne parviendrons jamais \u00e0 r\u00e9aliser l'ambitieux programme mondial pour le d\u00e9veloppement, \u00e0 savoir l'Agenda 2030. Maintenant que la communaut\u00e9 internationale a plac\u00e9 la barre, nous devons poursuivre avec des actions concr\u00e8tes, qui s'attaquent directement aux racines des in\u00e9galit\u00e9s, des conflits et de l'instabilit\u00e9 dans le monde.<\/p>\n

\"\"
Photo par : Rod Waddington \/ Flickr.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Pour s'attaquer aux causes profondes, il faut commencer par une politique efficace. Dans la plupart des pays qui accusent un retard dans la r\u00e9alisation des objectifs de d\u00e9veloppement durable, le syst\u00e8me politique ne fonctionne pas correctement. Trop souvent, au lieu de r\u00e9soudre les probl\u00e8mes, c'est le syst\u00e8me politique qui est le probl\u00e8me. Dans certains cas, il s'agit de dirigeants qui refusent d'abandonner le pouvoir et les avantages qui en d\u00e9coulent, notamment l'acc\u00e8s \u00e0 des ressources \u00e9conomiques pr\u00e9cieuses. De nombreux dirigeants se caract\u00e9risent par le fait qu'ils utilisent leur position \u00e0 des fins d'enrichissement personnel. En effet, peu de dirigeants de pays mal class\u00e9s selon des indices tels que l'indice de d\u00e9veloppement humain se retrouvent \u00e0 court d'argent.<\/p>\n

Il peut \u00e9galement s'agir d'un dysfonctionnement des institutions d\u00e9mocratiques de base, telles que les parlements, qui prot\u00e8gent l'ex\u00e9cutif au lieu de le contester, qui approuvent la l\u00e9gislation au lieu de l'examiner, qui aggravent les divisions sociales au lieu de les gu\u00e9rir.<\/p>\n

Construire des \u00e9coles, des h\u00f4pitaux et des routes est extr\u00eamement important, mais si nous ne nous attaquons pas \u00e0 la dimension politique, aucun de ces efforts ne conduira \u00e0 un changement durable.<\/p>\n

Alors, pourquoi ne pas s'attacher \u00e0 corriger la politique au lieu de l'ignorer ? Le fait de demander des comptes aux dirigeants et de les pousser \u00e0 tenir leurs promesses est-il consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme trop sensible ou trop risqu\u00e9 sur le plan politique ? Peut-\u00eatre la communaut\u00e9 internationale et les donateurs se sentent-ils plus \u00e0 l'aise pour financer un soutien technique plus important et ne veulent-ils pas jouer avec le feu.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Ainsi, si nous voulons un jour vaincre la pauvret\u00e9, les conflits et les in\u00e9galit\u00e9s dans le monde, nous devons faire preuve d'audace. Si nous voulons stimuler les investissements et la croissance \u00e9conomique, nous devons exiger des dirigeants politiques qu'ils rendent des comptes. Nous devons contribuer \u00e0 la mise en place de syst\u00e8mes de responsabilit\u00e9 dans lesquels les citoyens peuvent avoir confiance. Nous devons exiger des partis politiques et des parlements repr\u00e9sentatifs et aider tous les citoyens, quels que soient leur sexe, leur race ou leur handicap, \u00e0 jouer un r\u00f4le actif dans la politique et \u00e0 \u00eatre correctement repr\u00e9sent\u00e9s. Nous devons \u00e9galement exiger une justice \u00e9gale, avec des tribunaux qui appliquent la loi de mani\u00e8re \u00e9quitable pour tous. Ce faisant, nous favorisons un environnement propice \u00e0 la paix, \u00e0 la stabilit\u00e9, \u00e0 la croissance socio-\u00e9conomique et aux opportunit\u00e9s pour tous.<\/p>\n

Cette transformation ne sera cependant pas facile. Des probl\u00e8mes tels qu'une culture politique non d\u00e9mocratique, un leadership personnalis\u00e9, la discrimination sexuelle ou le client\u00e9lisme sont profond\u00e9ment enracin\u00e9s dans la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 et doivent \u00eatre trait\u00e9s de mani\u00e8re proactive et durable. Nous devons veiller \u00e0 ce que les institutions politiques fonctionnent efficacement et \u00e0 ce que les hommes politiques agissent de mani\u00e8re responsable dans l'int\u00e9r\u00eat de la population. Cela signifie qu'il faut investir dans les comp\u00e9tences et les valeurs de ces hommes politiques.<\/p>\n

Si nous voulons vraiment faire en sorte que personne ne soit laiss\u00e9 pour compte en 2030, les partenaires du d\u00e9veloppement et les donateurs doivent \u00eatre honn\u00eates et audacieux. Nous devons reconna\u00eetre le lien intrins\u00e8que entre la r\u00e9ussite des programmes de d\u00e9veloppement et la politique. La politique peut r\u00e9parer le syst\u00e8me d'aide d\u00e9faillant, mais il faut d'abord la r\u00e9parer !<\/p>\n

*Simone est la directrice ex\u00e9cutive du NIMD. Elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 ambassadrice des Pays-Bas et directrice g\u00e9n\u00e9rale de l'organisation n\u00e9erlandaise d'aide humanitaire et de d\u00e9veloppement Cordaid. Tweet @SimoneFilippini<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

Anthony est le directeur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de Fondation de Westminster pour la d\u00e9mocratie (WFD)<\/a>Il est membre du conseil consultatif sur les droits de l'homme du minist\u00e8re britannique des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res et du conseil d'administration du Partenariat europ\u00e9en pour la d\u00e9mocratie. Il \u00e9tait auparavant directeur des relations internationales au DFID. Tweet @adr_smith<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Par Simone Filippini et Anthony Smith* Le 16 juillet, quinze \u00e9conomistes de renom ont affirm\u00e9 dans The Guardian que l'engouement pour l\u2018\u2019efficacit\u00e9 de l'aide\" ne permet pas de s'attaquer aux causes profondes de la pauvret\u00e9. Ils affirment que les essais de contr\u00f4le randomis\u00e9s, les cadres logiques et les cadres de r\u00e9sultats \u00e0 cocher passent \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 des probl\u00e8mes qui doivent r\u00e9ellement \u00eatre abord\u00e9s, les probl\u00e8mes qui contribueraient \u00e0 ... <\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":22315,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[149],"tags":[],"countries":[],"theme":[],"class_list":["post-18707","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-opinion-analysis"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nPolitics can fix the broken aid system, but needs fixing first - NIMD<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/nimd.org\/fr\/politics-can-fix-the-broken-aid-system-but-needs-fixing-first\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Politics can fix the broken aid system, but needs fixing first\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"By Simone Filippini and Anthony Smith* On 16 July,\u00a0fifteen leading economists argued in The Guardian that the \u2018aid effectiveness\u2019 craze is failing to tackle the root causes of poverty. 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