{"id":18700,"date":"2018-05-29T12:56:35","date_gmt":"2018-05-29T12:56:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nimd.org\/teaching-a-new-generation-the-profession-of-politics-in-tunisia\/"},"modified":"2025-04-07T07:59:02","modified_gmt":"2025-04-07T07:59:02","slug":"teaching-a-new-generation-the-profession-of-politics-in-tunisia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nimd.org\/fr\/teaching-a-new-generation-the-profession-of-politics-in-tunisia\/","title":{"rendered":"Enseigner le m\u00e9tier de politicien \u00e0 une nouvelle g\u00e9n\u00e9ration en Tunisie"},"content":{"rendered":"

O\u00f9 apprend-on \u00e0 devenir un homme politique ? Qui peut enseigner aux jeunes politiciens en herbe les bases du leadership d\u00e9mocratique ?\u00a0<\/em>Dans un pays comme la Tunisie, il n'y a pas de r\u00e9ponse facile \u00e0 ces questions.<\/em><\/p>\n

La r\u00e9volution de jasmin qui a eu lieu en 2011 a apport\u00e9 de nombreux changements : des \u00e9lections libres, un parlement qui contr\u00f4le le gouvernement et une nouvelle constitution. Des dizaines de partis politiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9s pour se disputer le pouvoir.<\/em><\/p>\n

Mais apr\u00e8s des ann\u00e9es d'autoritarisme, la politique d\u00e9mocratique est \u00e0 bien des \u00e9gards une nouvelle profession.<\/em><\/p>\n

Les \u00c9cole tunisienne de politique (TSoP)<\/a> a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9 en 2012 pour enseigner cette profession aux jeunes politiciens en herbe. Samar Zaidi et Rabia Arfa sont deux jeunes politiciens qui ont eu l'occasion de participer au TSoP en 2017.<\/em><\/p>\n

Rencontre avec Samar et Rabia<\/h3>\n

Samar Zaidi a grandi dans la ville de Gafsa, dans le sud-ouest de la Tunisie.<\/p>\n

\"J'ai appris l'existence du TSoP par l'interm\u00e9diaire d'un coll\u00e8gue membre du Front populaire (un parti d'opposition). Le cours m'a ouvert les yeux et m'a sembl\u00e9 tr\u00e8s pratique. En particulier, j'ai acquis beaucoup de connaissances techniques avec des applications r\u00e9elles. J'ai d\u00e9j\u00e0 pos\u00e9 ma candidature pour une deuxi\u00e8me ann\u00e9e et j'esp\u00e8re poursuivre le cours en 2018\".<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Rabia Arfa est \u00e9galement originaire de Gafsa, mais elle est membre du parti au pouvoir Nidaa Tounes. C'est \u00e9galement par l'interm\u00e9diaire de son parti qu'elle a acc\u00e9d\u00e9 au TSoP et elle a \u00e9galement pos\u00e9 sa candidature pour une deuxi\u00e8me ann\u00e9e.<\/p>\n

\"J'ai trouv\u00e9 que c'\u00e9tait une exp\u00e9rience tr\u00e8s int\u00e9ressante, de partager et de coordonner avec des jeunes d'autres partis politiques. Ils sont les moteurs du changement politique en Tunisie. Ils veulent que notre pays aille de l'avant. Il y a eu beaucoup de sessions de formation int\u00e9ressantes et diversifi\u00e9es et une bonne atmosph\u00e8re de coh\u00e9sion entre le personnel et les participants.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Uniformiser les r\u00e8gles du jeu<\/h3>\n

Chaque ann\u00e9e, les dix plus grands partis politiques d\u00e9signent leurs jeunes membres les plus brillants pour participer aux programmes de formation. Quarante-cinq candidats sont ensuite s\u00e9lectionn\u00e9s. Par ce processus, le TSoP s'attache \u00e0 cr\u00e9er des opportunit\u00e9s \u00e9gales pour ceux qui ont traditionnellement moins acc\u00e8s \u00e0 la politique : les jeunes, les femmes et les personnes issues des zones rurales. L'objectif est d'\u00e9galiser les chances, en donnant \u00e0 chacun une chance \u00e9gale de participer \u00e0 la vie politique. En 2017, 55% des participants \u00e9taient des femmes, et 53% venaient de r\u00e9gions situ\u00e9es en dehors de la capitale, Tunis.<\/p>\n

Apr\u00e8s une ann\u00e9e de formation, les dix meilleurs participants sont s\u00e9lectionn\u00e9s pour une visite d'\u00e9change. C'est ce qui a amen\u00e9 Rabia et Samar aux Pays-Bas en d\u00e9cembre 2017. Ils ont visit\u00e9 les villes de Rotterdam, o\u00f9 ils ont d\u00e9couvert la d\u00e9mocratie locale et les \u00e9lections locales, et de La Haye, o\u00f9 ils ont d\u00e9couvert le dialogue social aux Pays-Bas. Cela est particuli\u00e8rement pertinent pour la Tunisie dans sa transition d\u00e9mocratique actuelle, avec des \u00e9lections locales pr\u00e9vues en mai 2018.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Embrasser la diversit\u00e9<\/h3>\n

Outre la pertinence de l'\u00c9cole pour le contexte tunisien, l'un des aspects les plus int\u00e9ressants du travail du TSoP est qu'il donne \u00e0 des hommes politiques de diff\u00e9rents horizons l'occasion de s'engager activement dans un dialogue constructif.<\/p>\n

\"Le TSoP cr\u00e9e un environnement qui permet aux jeunes politiciens tunisiens de diff\u00e9rents partis, opinions et milieux de se rencontrer. L'atmosph\u00e8re a toujours \u00e9t\u00e9 positive\", d\u00e9clare Samar. \"Il y a eu des interactions int\u00e9ressantes avec des personnes de diff\u00e9rents horizons politiques avec lesquelles je n'avais pas beaucoup \u00e9chang\u00e9 auparavant.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Cet aspect social de l'\u00e9cole est essentiel pour favoriser une culture d\u00e9mocratique parmi les participants, promouvoir la compr\u00e9hension et encourager les participants \u00e0 \u00e9couter des points de vue diff\u00e9rents. Mais, comme le souligne Samar, il peut aussi avoir des avantages pratiques, en \u00e9largissant les r\u00e9seaux professionnels :<\/p>\n

\"Je ne connaissais pas d'autres participants au TSoP avant le d\u00e9but de l'ann\u00e9e, \u00e0 l'exception des participants de mon propre parti, mais je me suis fait beaucoup d'amis et j'ai \u00e9largi mon r\u00e9seau gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole. Je joue maintenant un r\u00f4le dans mon travail actuel au Parlement en tant qu'interm\u00e9diaire avec le TSoP et je continuerai \u00e0 jouer un r\u00f4le en tant qu'ancien \u00e9l\u00e8ve du TSoP en gardant le contact avec le personnel\".<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Pertinence professionnelle et approche bas\u00e9e sur les comp\u00e9tences<\/h3>\n

En effet, Samar a trouv\u00e9 la formation utile \u00e0 sa carri\u00e8re de diff\u00e9rentes mani\u00e8res. Elle travaille aujourd'hui dans le domaine de la communication pour le Parlement national tunisien et, suite \u00e0 sa formation au TSoP, aimerait approfondir ses comp\u00e9tences en mati\u00e8re de communication et d\u00e9velopper son expertise.<\/p>\n

La pertinence professionnelle et l'apprentissage bas\u00e9 sur les comp\u00e9tences ont \u00e9galement s\u00e9duit Rabia, qui est directrice du d\u00e9partement des femmes \u00e0 l'Institut tunisien d'\u00e9tudes strat\u00e9giques.<\/p>\n

\"D'un point de vue personnel, l'apprentissage aupr\u00e8s d'experts sur un large \u00e9ventail de sujets est tr\u00e8s pr\u00e9cieux. Je me souviens d'une session sur la g\u00e9opolitique qui \u00e9tait particuli\u00e8rement int\u00e9ressante. La TSoP est le seul endroit o\u00f9 j'aurais pu avoir l'occasion d'apprendre sur ce sujet.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

En outre, le TSoP a permis \u00e0 Rabia d'assister \u00e0 des conf\u00e9rences et de participer \u00e0 des panels de haut niveau afin de promouvoir les femmes dans le leadership politique.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Favoriser l'ouverture et la coop\u00e9ration<\/h3>\n

La formation a offert \u00e0 Rabia et \u00e0 Samar de nombreuses opportunit\u00e9s. Mais elle s'accompagne aussi de responsabilit\u00e9s, notamment vis-\u00e0-vis de leurs partis politiques.<\/p>\n

\"Mon parti compte beaucoup sur le TSoP pour former ses membres. J'ai maintenant la responsabilit\u00e9 de donner le bon exemple \u00e0 mes pairs et de transmettre des messages positifs, en promouvant l'int\u00e9grit\u00e9, le respect des croyances de chacun et l'importance du dialogue avec les personnes qui ont une opinion diff\u00e9rente. Le TSoP enseigne ces comp\u00e9tences comportementales essentielles et il est toujours possible de s'am\u00e9liorer.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Rabia mettra \u00e9galement ses nouvelles comp\u00e9tences en pratique au sein de son parti en faisant partie d'une commission charg\u00e9e d'\u00e9laborer la Vision 2030 du parti.<\/p>\n

En fin de compte, pour Samar et Rabia, l'esprit d'ouverture, l'atmosph\u00e8re diversifi\u00e9e et la possibilit\u00e9 d'acqu\u00e9rir des comp\u00e9tences pertinentes ont constitu\u00e9 un terrain de formation pr\u00e9cieux.<\/p>\n

\"La d\u00e9mocratie est comme un jardin avec des milliers de fleurs de couleurs diff\u00e9rentes\" dit Samar, \"c'est cette diff\u00e9rence de couleurs qui fait sa richesse\".<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

TSoP est fi\u00e8re de ses dipl\u00f4m\u00e9s et de leur engagement en faveur de la diversit\u00e9 et de la coop\u00e9ration. Il continuera \u00e0 \u00eatre un lieu d'apprentissage du m\u00e9tier de politicien pour la nouvelle g\u00e9n\u00e9ration de politiciens tunisiens.<\/em><\/p>\n

Le TSoP est g\u00e9r\u00e9 et coordonn\u00e9 par le Centre des Etudes M\u00e9diterran\u00e9ennes et Internationales (CEMI)<\/a>et soutenu par le NIMD en partenariat avec DEMO Finlande<\/a><\/em>.<\/p>\n

En savoir plus sur les \u00e9coles de la d\u00e9mocratie du NIMD dans le monde ici<\/a>.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Where do you learn to become a politician? Who can teach aspiring young politicians the basics of democratic leadership?\u00a0In a country like Tunisia, there is no easy answer to these questions. The Jasmine Revolution that took place in 2011 brought many changes: free elections, a Parliament that controls the Government and a new Constitution. 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