{"id":18658,"date":"2017-09-27T07:57:11","date_gmt":"2017-09-27T07:57:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nimd.org\/strengthening-local-institutions-in-el-salvador-dialogue-and-negotiation-as-a-means-towards-deeper-democracy\/"},"modified":"2025-04-07T07:57:59","modified_gmt":"2025-04-07T07:57:59","slug":"strengthening-local-institutions-in-el-salvador-dialogue-and-negotiation-as-a-means-towards-deeper-democracy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nimd.org\/fr\/strengthening-local-institutions-in-el-salvador-dialogue-and-negotiation-as-a-means-towards-deeper-democracy\/","title":{"rendered":"Renforcement des institutions locales au Salvador : Le dialogue et la n\u00e9gociation comme moyen d'approfondir la d\u00e9mocratie"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em><strong>Ana Miriam Salgado Alvarenga a 56 ans et est originaire de la ville de Santiago de Mar\u00eda, dans l'ouest du petit pays qu'est le Salvador.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Elle est la quatri\u00e8me de cinq enfants, avec trois fr\u00e8res plus \u00e2g\u00e9s et une s\u0153ur plus jeune. Son p\u00e8re \u00e9tait automobiliste ; sa m\u00e8re fabriquait et vendait des friandises sucr\u00e9es \u00e0 base de noix de coco, une sp\u00e9cialit\u00e9 typique du Salvador.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><strong>En 1995, elle a obtenu un dipl\u00f4me en informatique. Mais bien avant cela, d\u00e8s la fin de ses \u00e9tudes secondaires, elle a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 travailler dans le domaine du d\u00e9veloppement local.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><strong>C'est ainsi qu'elle a trouv\u00e9 sa voie en tant que conseill\u00e8re municipale en d\u00e9veloppement local.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Apr\u00e8s l'universit\u00e9, elle est entr\u00e9e \u00e0 l'Institut de d\u00e9veloppement local du Salvador (ISDEM) en tant que conseill\u00e8re pour la r\u00e9gion orientale du pays.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><strong>L'ISDEM est charg\u00e9 de fournir une assistance technique et de renforcer les capacit\u00e9s des 262 municipalit\u00e9s du Salvador. Ana Miriam est actuellement responsable de neuf d'entre elles et leur fournit un soutien technique, administratif, financier et de planification afin de les aider \u00e0 mieux remplir leurs r\u00f4les et responsabilit\u00e9s.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<h3>Vers des conseils municipaux multipartites<\/h3>\n<p>Lorsque Ana Miriam a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 travailler, les gouvernements locaux \u00e9taient \u00e9lus selon un syst\u00e8me uninominal \u00e0 un tour ; le parti politique qui obtenait la majorit\u00e9 simple remportait tous les si\u00e8ges du conseil municipal.<\/p>\n<p>Toutefois, ce syst\u00e8me a chang\u00e9 en 2015 et, pour la premi\u00e8re fois dans l'histoire politique du pays, les conseils municipaux \u00e9taient compos\u00e9s de diff\u00e9rents partis.<\/p>\n<p>Ce changement repr\u00e9sente sans aucun doute une occasion unique d'approfondir la d\u00e9mocratie et de promouvoir de nouveaux styles de gouvernance municipale.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-5273 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/nimd.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/pullquote-1-6.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"580\" height=\"83\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Cependant, malgr\u00e9 les avantages \u00e9vidents que le multipartisme offre \u00e0 la d\u00e9mocratie et \u00e0 la culture politique du pays, sa mise en \u0153uvre comporte ses propres d\u00e9fis.<\/p>\n<p>Les membres des conseils municipaux, les partis politiques et les organismes publics charg\u00e9s de renforcer les capacit\u00e9s et d'apporter un soutien technique se sont inqui\u00e9t\u00e9s du fait que le changement, au lieu de renforcer les municipalit\u00e9s, les entraverait.<\/p>\n<p>Les conseils municipaux multipartites pourraient entra\u00eener un risque de polarisation, une augmentation des conflits et une tendance accrue \u00e0 la d\u00e9fection.<\/p>\n<h3>Formation des facilitateurs de dialogue<\/h3>\n<p>Compte tenu de ces pr\u00e9occupations, le NIMD a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de mettre en place des pr\u00e9paratifs, tant au sein des conseils municipaux eux-m\u00eames que dans le cadre de son travail avec les conseillers municipaux de l'ISDEM et de la Corporation des municipalit\u00e9s de la R\u00e9publique du Salvador (COMURES), afin de les aider \u00e0 faire face au changement et \u00e0 r\u00e9soudre de mani\u00e8re constructive les conflits qui pourraient surgir.<\/p>\n<p>C'est dans ce contexte qu'a \u00e9t\u00e9 lanc\u00e9 le programme \"Formation de facilitateurs de dialogue et de n\u00e9gociation politique pour le consensus dans le cadre de la mise en place de conseils municipaux multipartites\".<\/p>\n<p>La premi\u00e8re phase de ce programme s'adressait aux conseillers municipaux qui travaillaient au niveau national et a \u00e9t\u00e9 mise en \u0153uvre dans la capitale, San Salvador.<\/p>\n<p>La deuxi\u00e8me phase, un projet pilote, a permis de former des experts techniques dans 10 municipalit\u00e9s des quatre r\u00e9gions du Salvador, qui ont ensuite partag\u00e9 leurs connaissances avec les conseils municipaux. Au total, 36 experts ont \u00e9t\u00e9 form\u00e9s, 31 de l'ISDEM et 5 de COMURES, 18 femmes et 18 hommes.<\/p>\n<p>Ensemble, ces experts apportent leur soutien \u00e0 l'ensemble des 262 municipalit\u00e9s du Salvador.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-5041 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/nimd.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/pullquote-2-2-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"580\" height=\"83\" \/><\/p>\n<h3>Le dialogue et la n\u00e9gociation comme outils cl\u00e9s<\/h3>\n<p>Ana Miriam \u00e9tait l'une des participantes de l'ISDEM. Sa vaste exp\u00e9rience dans le domaine municipal, son interaction avec ses coll\u00e8gues, sa capacit\u00e9 et son ouverture \u00e0 de nouvelles id\u00e9es l'ont distingu\u00e9e tout au long de la formation.<\/p>\n<p>Dans le cadre de son \u00e9valuation, Ana Miriam a d\u00fb mettre \u00e0 l'\u00e9preuve ses nouvelles comp\u00e9tences. Elle a anim\u00e9 un atelier sur le dialogue et la n\u00e9gociation politique en vue d'un consensus au sein d'un conseil municipal.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-5035 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/nimd.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/to-use-e1504774399161.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"580\" height=\"326\" \/><\/p>\n<p>L'atelier a \u00e9t\u00e9 un grand succ\u00e8s. Les membres du Conseil l'ont trouv\u00e9 tr\u00e8s pertinent et efficace pour am\u00e9liorer l'atmosph\u00e8re entre eux.<\/p>\n<p>Plus pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment, ils lui ont demand\u00e9 son soutien pour r\u00e9soudre un probl\u00e8me qu'ils avaient rencontr\u00e9. Peu avant la session, le parti au pouvoir n'avait pas tenu compte de l'opposition lorsqu'il avait demand\u00e9 un pr\u00eat pour r\u00e9aliser des projets correspondant \u00e0 ses propres int\u00e9r\u00eats. Cela a provoqu\u00e9 un conflit au sein du conseil, puisque de telles d\u00e9cisions ne devraient \u00eatre prises qu'\u00e0 la majorit\u00e9 qualifi\u00e9e (3\/4 des membres du conseil).<\/p>\n<p>Ana Miriam \u00e9tait consciente de la sensibilit\u00e9 de cette question dans le nouveau contexte multipartite.<\/p>\n<p>Elle a pris le temps de permettre aux participants de surmonter leurs diff\u00e9rences par le dialogue, la n\u00e9gociation et la coop\u00e9ration. Chaque participant a eu l'occasion d'exprimer son opinion et de sugg\u00e9rer des solutions possibles.<\/p>\n<p>Cette nouvelle fa\u00e7on de travailler ensemble a aid\u00e9 les participants \u00e0 surmonter leurs diff\u00e9rences et le conseil a approuv\u00e9 le pr\u00eat \u00e0 l'unanimit\u00e9, en l'affectant aux dettes en cours et \u00e0 un certain nombre de projets d'infrastructure dans l'int\u00e9r\u00eat commun.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-5040 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/nimd.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/pullquote-3-2-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"580\" height=\"106\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Ana Miriam a obtenu les meilleures notes pour ce travail. En effet, tout au long de la formation, elle a fait preuve d'une \u00e9volution et d'une croissance r\u00e9elles et, le dernier jour, elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9sign\u00e9e par ses coll\u00e8gues dipl\u00f4m\u00e9s pour prononcer un discours devant plus de 150 personnes.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-5037 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/nimd.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/DSC_0203-e1504774416591.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"580\" height=\"387\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Le directeur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de l'ISDEM, Juan Alfredo Henr\u00edquez, a \u00e9galement pris la parole lors de l'\u00e9v\u00e9nement :<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\"Je suis optimiste quant \u00e0 ce programme et surtout quant \u00e0 la mani\u00e8re dont nos facilitateurs ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 pu transmettre leurs connaissances dans certaines municipalit\u00e9s. Ils sont maintenant en mesure de continuer \u00e0 effectuer leurs \u00e9valuations en utilisant ces m\u00e9thodes avec beaucoup plus de gouvernements locaux dans le pays. Cela n'aurait pas \u00e9t\u00e9 possible sans le soutien que nous recevons dans le cadre d'un accord inter-organisationnel avec le NIMD\".<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<h3>Changements personnels et professionnels<\/h3>\n<p>Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ses comp\u00e9tences et connaissances nouvellement acquises, Ana Miriam a d\u00e9j\u00e0 pu apporter son soutien \u00e0 diverses municipalit\u00e9s \u00e0 leur demande.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-5039 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/nimd.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/pullquote-4-1-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"580\" height=\"106\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Elle a facilit\u00e9 le dialogue et les processus de n\u00e9gociation dans un certain nombre de conseils municipaux qui, en raison de conflits, \u00e9taient confront\u00e9s \u00e0 des blocages dans l'approbation de projets, de plans strat\u00e9giques ou m\u00eame de pr\u00eats.<\/p>\n<p>\u00c0 la suite de la formation, Ana Miriam se sent \u00e9galement mieux arm\u00e9e pour relever les d\u00e9fis de sa vie professionnelle et personnelle :<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\"Le cours m'a permis d'\u00eatre plus ouvert \u00e0 la critique dans mon travail, plus ouvert \u00e0 ce que les conseils municipaux pourraient dire. La clart\u00e9 accrue vous aide \u00e0 leur parler plus facilement. J'ai pu r\u00e9soudre des cas isol\u00e9s dans diff\u00e9rents conseils.<\/p>\n<p>Sur le plan personnel, il est beaucoup plus facile d'\u00e9couter la famille, de r\u00e9soudre les probl\u00e8mes et d'aider de mani\u00e8re plus efficace. L'un des aspects de ma vie o\u00f9 il m'a \u00e9t\u00e9 le plus facile d'appliquer ce que j'ai appris est mon travail avec les jeunes et les adultes en tant qu'entra\u00eeneur b\u00e9n\u00e9vole de basket-ball.<\/p>\n<p>Il est plus facile maintenant de s'asseoir, d'\u00e9couter et de leur parler de la formation. Avant, je disais \"faisons ceci ou cela\". Maintenant, je leur demande plut\u00f4t ce qu'ils pensent, si quelque chose leur sera utile. Avant, je leur disais ce qu'il fallait faire, maintenant j'\u00e9coute\".<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Anna Miriam r\u00e9fl\u00e9chit \u00e0 l'impact plus large de son travail :<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\"Depuis l'\u00e2ge de 18 ans, ma principale motivation pour travailler dans mon domaine est la possibilit\u00e9 d'aider les municipalit\u00e9s \u00e0 r\u00e9soudre leurs probl\u00e8mes et \u00e0 instaurer la confiance.<\/p>\n<p>Si les municipalit\u00e9s ne sont pas fortes et si le pays n'est pas \u00e0 l'\u00e9coute des besoins de la population au niveau local, il ne peut y avoir de progr\u00e8s. Les choses stagnent. Si nous ne canalisons pas le soutien, cela n'aide personne et n'a aucun impact sur le pays. Il est essentiel de travailler au niveau local\".<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Ana Miriam croit fermement au dialogue et \u00e0 la n\u00e9gociation comme moyen de parvenir \u00e0 des accords durables dans la vie personnelle, avec la famille et aux niveaux communautaire, municipal et national.<\/p>\n<p>Gr\u00e2ce au soutien du NIMD, Ana Miriam et de nombreux autres conseillers municipaux sont d\u00e9sormais en mesure de travailler \u00e0 la construction d'une culture politique plus d\u00e9mocratique et au renforcement du syst\u00e8me politique salvadorien par la mise en \u0153uvre r\u00e9ussie du multipartisme au niveau local.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ana Miriam Salgado Alvarenga a 56 ans et est originaire de la ville de Santiago de Mar\u00eda, dans l'ouest du petit pays qu'est le Salvador. Elle est la quatri\u00e8me d'une famille de cinq enfants, avec trois fr\u00e8res plus \u00e2g\u00e9s et une s\u0153ur plus jeune. Son p\u00e8re \u00e9tait automobiliste ; sa m\u00e8re fabriquait et vendait des friandises \u00e0 base de ... <a href=\"https:\/\/nimd.org\/fr\/strengthening-local-institutions-in-el-salvador-dialogue-and-negotiation-as-a-means-towards-deeper-democracy\/\"><\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":22088,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[113],"tags":[],"countries":[82],"theme":[],"class_list":["post-18658","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-stories","countries-el-salvador"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.1 (Yoast SEO v27.1.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Strengthening local institutions in El Salvador: Dialogue and negotiation as a means towards deeper democracy - NIMD<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/nimd.org\/fr\/strengthening-local-institutions-in-el-salvador-dialogue-and-negotiation-as-a-means-towards-deeper-democracy\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Strengthening local institutions in El Salvador: Dialogue and negotiation as a means towards deeper democracy\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Ana Miriam Salgado Alvarenga is 56 years old, originally from the city of Santiago de Mar\u00eda in the west of the small country of El Salvador. 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