{"id":19008,"date":"2022-08-11T11:06:58","date_gmt":"2022-08-11T11:06:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nimd.org\/tunisias-constitutional-referendum-a-threat-to-democracy\/"},"modified":"2025-04-07T08:15:21","modified_gmt":"2025-04-07T08:15:21","slug":"tunisias-constitutional-referendum-a-threat-to-democracy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nimd.org\/es\/tunisias-constitutional-referendum-a-threat-to-democracy\/","title":{"rendered":"Refer\u00e9ndum constitucional en T\u00fanez: Una amenaza para la democracia"},"content":{"rendered":"

Thijs Berman, Director Ejecutivo del NIMD, explora las ra\u00edces del declive democr\u00e1tico de T\u00fanez y c\u00f3mo los partidos pol\u00edticos pueden trabajar para salvaguardar la democracia.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

El 25 de julio, T\u00fanez celebr\u00f3 un refer\u00e9ndum constitucional que otorg\u00f3 amplios poderes al presidente y limit\u00f3 en gran medida el papel del Parlamento.<\/p>\n

La oposici\u00f3n boicote\u00f3 el refer\u00e9ndum y casi 70% de los votantes tunecinos se quedaron en casa. Aunque la baja participaci\u00f3n arroja serias dudas sobre el apoyo popular a esta nueva Constituci\u00f3n, el Presidente Ka\u00efs Sa\u00efed est\u00e1 decidido a seguir adelante, afirmando que \"T\u00fanez ha entrado ahora en una nueva fase.\"<\/p>\n

Controles y equilibrios limitados<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Esta nueva fase supone una gran amenaza para la democracia. De hecho, devuelve a T\u00fanez al punto en el que se encontraba antes de la primavera \u00e1rabe de 2011.<\/p>\n

Las libertades civiles ya no gozan de las salvaguardias que hab\u00edan quedado firmemente ancladas en la Constituci\u00f3n de 2014. La independencia del poder judicial se ha debilitado.<\/p>\n

Y T\u00fanez tendr\u00e1, en un futuro previsible, un presidente con poderes sin control que exceden con mucho lo que ser\u00eda aceptable en cualquier democracia sana. El presidente puede nombrar y destituir al jefe de Gobierno como le parezca. Puede redactar leyes para que el Parlamento las apruebe con \"prioridad\". Incluso puede modificar directamente la Constituci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n

El pa\u00eds ha vuelto a un sistema plenamente presidencialista, pero con controles y equilibrios muy limitados.<\/p>\n

\u00bfQu\u00e9 ha fallado?<\/strong><\/h3>\n

T\u00fanez ofrece una sombr\u00eda lecci\u00f3n a todos los dem\u00f3cratas del mundo. El declive democr\u00e1tico del pa\u00eds sugiere que no basta con garantizar los derechos pol\u00edticos en un sistema democr\u00e1tico con un parlamento fuerte, como ha hecho T\u00fanez desde 2014. Tampoco lo es introducir controles y equilibrios en las instituciones, inexistentes en el pa\u00eds hasta entonces. La poblaci\u00f3n de T\u00fanez esperaba m\u00e1s que estos derechos formales, inscritos en la Constituci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

La lecci\u00f3n de T\u00fanez se repite de Afganist\u00e1n a El Salvador, y de Mal\u00ed a Burkina Faso: La democracia se convierte en una palabra vac\u00eda cuando permite votar a todos los adultos, pero s\u00f3lo sirve a los intereses de unos pocos felices. Cuando existen los aspectos formales de la democracia pero la seguridad, una necesidad b\u00e1sica para todos nosotros, apenas existe fuera de los muros del palacio presidencial. Cuando los pol\u00edticos afirman solemnemente que defienden valores y derechos universales, pero olvidan que son representantes del pueblo. De todo el pueblo. Es entonces cuando la poblaci\u00f3n empieza a perder la fe en el sistema.<\/p>\n

La importancia de los j\u00f3venes<\/strong><\/h3>\n

En T\u00fanez, la d\u00e9cada democr\u00e1tica que sigui\u00f3 a la Primavera \u00c1rabe no trajo la prosperidad que la gente esperaba. Todav\u00eda hoy, el desempleo juvenil en T\u00fanez es elevado, casi 40%.<\/p>\n

Puede que los j\u00f3venes desencadenaran la Primavera \u00c1rabe, pero ahora, diez a\u00f1os despu\u00e9s, algunos de ellos aplauden la mano dura del presidente Sa\u00efed. Muchos rechazan a los dem\u00e1s l\u00edderes pol\u00edticos que, en su opini\u00f3n, se han pasado el tiempo discutiendo en el Parlamento sin obtener resultados. Otros simplemente se han alejado por completo de la pol\u00edtica. S\u00f3lo 1% de los j\u00f3venes han votado en este refer\u00e9ndum.<\/p>\n

Pero, entre tanta desilusi\u00f3n, tambi\u00e9n hay esperanza. En nuestro trabajo en T\u00fanez, hemos tenido la oportunidad de ser testigos de primera mano de la ambici\u00f3n y la dedicaci\u00f3n de muchos j\u00f3venes tunecinos.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

En los \u00faltimos 10 a\u00f1os, el NIMD ha formado a cientos de j\u00f3venes pol\u00edticos del pa\u00eds, junto con nuestros socios, el Centro de Estudios Mediterr\u00e1neos e Internacionales<\/a> (CEMI) y Demo Finlandia<\/a>. El entusiasmo de los j\u00f3venes y sus valores de libertad y democracia nos inspiraron para poner en marcha el programa en 2011.<\/p>\n

A medida que la crisis pol\u00edtica sacud\u00eda el pa\u00eds, el programa cambi\u00f3 de enfoque, con m\u00e1s espacio para los debates sobre los valores democr\u00e1ticos y la importancia del di\u00e1logo respetuoso. Esto cal\u00f3 hondo entre los estudiantes. Pudieron expresar sus preocupaciones, al tiempo que experimentaban el valor de escuchar y adoptar un enfoque integrador. Hoy son ciudadanos y pol\u00edticos cr\u00edticos que tienen opiniones diferentes, pero todos defienden los valores democr\u00e1ticos y creen en la colaboraci\u00f3n en todo el espectro pol\u00edtico.<\/p>\n

Mirando al futuro<\/strong><\/h3>\n

La democracia no muri\u00f3 en T\u00fanez el mes pasado. Pero los partidos democr\u00e1ticos del pa\u00eds se enfrentan al tremendo reto de recuperar la confianza de los ciudadanos. Tendr\u00e1n que empezar a escuchar a los j\u00f3venes y a comprometerse con ellos. La voz de los j\u00f3venes tunecinos es importante. Si apoyan y defienden los valores democr\u00e1ticos, T\u00fanez tiene posibilidades de mantenerse en la senda democr\u00e1tica.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

La democracia es compromiso y di\u00e1logo. Todo el mundo entiende que la verdadera democracia lleva tiempo -el para\u00edso no empezar\u00e1 al d\u00eda siguiente de las elecciones-, pero la gente quiere estar segura de que sus pol\u00edticos trabajan con ellos y para ellos. La primera tarea de los partidos democr\u00e1ticos en T\u00fanez es, por tanto, escuchar a sus (j\u00f3venes) electores. Su segunda tarea es trabajar con ellos y resolver juntos problemas concretos. As\u00ed es como crece la democracia.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Thijs Berman, Director Ejecutivo del NIMD, explora las ra\u00edces del declive democr\u00e1tico de T\u00fanez y c\u00f3mo los partidos pol\u00edticos pueden trabajar para salvaguardar la democracia. El 25 de julio, T\u00fanez celebr\u00f3 un refer\u00e9ndum constitucional en el que se otorgaron amplios poderes al Presidente y se limit\u00f3 en gran medida el papel del Parlamento. La oposici\u00f3n boicote\u00f3 el refer\u00e9ndum y casi 70% de los votantes tunecinos se quedaron en casa. ... <\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":25060,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[99],"tags":[],"countries":[],"theme":[],"class_list":["post-19008","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nTunisia\u2019s Constitutional Referendum: A threat to Democracy - NIMD<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/nimd.org\/es\/tunisias-constitutional-referendum-a-threat-to-democracy\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Tunisia\u2019s Constitutional Referendum: A threat to Democracy\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Thijs Berman, NIMD Executive Director, explores the roots of Tunisia\u2019s democratic decline and how political parties can work to safeguard democracy. 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