{"id":18970,"date":"2021-08-20T15:06:46","date_gmt":"2021-08-20T15:06:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nimd.org\/lessons-from-afghanistan\/"},"modified":"2025-04-07T08:12:48","modified_gmt":"2025-04-07T08:12:48","slug":"lessons-from-afghanistan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nimd.org\/es\/lessons-from-afghanistan\/","title":{"rendered":"Lecciones de Afganist\u00e1n"},"content":{"rendered":"

Por Thijs Berman<\/strong>Director Ejecutivo del NIMD. Thijs fue Jefe de la Misi\u00f3n de Observaci\u00f3n Electoral de la Uni\u00f3n Europea en Afganist\u00e1n en 2009 y 2014. Analiza qu\u00e9 sali\u00f3 mal en Afganist\u00e1n y qu\u00e9 pueden aprender los defensores de la democracia para el futuro. <\/em><\/p>\n

En veinte a\u00f1os, el drama del pueblo afgano ha vivido tres actos. El primer acto estuvo marcado por el alivio ante el derrocamiento del r\u00e9gimen talib\u00e1n y la esperanza de un futuro mejor, en particular para las mujeres y las ni\u00f1as.<\/p>\n

Muchos afganos compartieron esta euforia y optimismo, depositando su fe en las promesas de democracia y libertad para todos. Votaron en las elecciones que cre\u00edan que anunciar\u00edan esta nueva era de libertad, arriesgando valientemente sus vidas para asegurarse de que sus voces fueran escuchadas en el nuevo Afganist\u00e1n.<\/p>\n

Esa fe y ese coraje merecen ser respetados por la comunidad internacional y respaldados por una inversi\u00f3n transparente y a largo plazo en instituciones democr\u00e1ticas, un di\u00e1logo pol\u00edtico inclusivo dirigido por el pueblo afgano y tolerancia cero con la corrupci\u00f3n y el nepotismo.<\/p>\n

\"La estabilidad no proviene del poder\u00edo militar\".<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Pero luego vino el segundo acto, cuando esas grandes esperanzas dieron paso a la desilusi\u00f3n, el cinismo y la amargura por las promesas incumplidas. La gobernanza responsable y transparente de una administraci\u00f3n que lleg\u00f3 al poder en unas elecciones leg\u00edtimas e inclusivas son los cimientos de una verdadera sociedad democr\u00e1tica. Lamentablemente, en Afganist\u00e1n, la legitimidad y la credibilidad del gobierno afgano se vieron socavadas por la corrupci\u00f3n y el fraude, propiciados por una comunidad internacional que con demasiada frecuencia hizo la vista gorda ante los fallos de los gobiernos que ayud\u00f3 a crear. La coalici\u00f3n liderada por Estados Unidos s\u00f3lo mostr\u00f3 tibios intentos de frenar el crecimiento de la corrupci\u00f3n, y no se pronunci\u00f3 contra el fraude masivo en las sucesivas elecciones. Esto abri\u00f3 el camino a la erosi\u00f3n gradual de la credibilidad y la legitimidad de la administraci\u00f3n afgana.<\/p>\n

Las misiones militares, por grandes y costosas que sean, no pueden resolver las cuestiones sociales. La estabilidad no proviene del poder militar. Procede de la buena gobernanza y del crecimiento de instituciones democr\u00e1ticas fuertes en un tejido social integrador dentro de la cultura existente.<\/p>\n

\"US
Afganist\u00e1n 42, David Axe, CC BY-NC 2.0, https:\/\/bit.ly\/3swL9A5<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

No basta con inyectar dinero en un pa\u00eds sin la debida supervisi\u00f3n, rendici\u00f3n de cuentas e inversi\u00f3n en la infraestructura democr\u00e1tica. Y no es tan sencillo como poner en marcha elecciones e instituciones. La democracia tiene que venir de dentro. Est\u00e1 encarnada por un conjunto de valores -desde la rendici\u00f3n de cuentas hasta la colaboraci\u00f3n y el di\u00e1logo- compartidos por el pueblo y quienes lo representan.<\/p>\n

Nada de esto ocurri\u00f3 en Afganist\u00e1n. En cambio, las personas que creyeron en estas promesas de un futuro mejor ahora se esconden tras puertas cerradas, aterrorizadas por lo que les deparar\u00e1 el futuro. Son las mujeres que creyeron en las promesas de una sociedad igualitaria e integradora y se arriesgaron considerablemente para entrar en pol\u00edtica; los j\u00f3venes que asumieron el papel de defensores de los derechos humanos; los periodistas que confiaron en que trabajar\u00edan en una sociedad libre y justa.<\/p>\n

Y as\u00ed, Afganist\u00e1n entra en su tercer acto. El gobierno corrupto ha ca\u00eddo y los talibanes han vuelto. Es un tercer acto de absoluta desesperaci\u00f3n y caos. Las lecciones de Afganist\u00e1n pueden aplicarse en otros lugares, pero tambi\u00e9n podr\u00edan allanar el camino para otro acto en el propio Afganist\u00e1n. Ya ha habido protestas en varias ciudades. Est\u00e1 claro que las nuevas generaciones no se rinden tan f\u00e1cilmente: la gente no est\u00e1 dispuesta a abandonar sus libertades despu\u00e9s de veinte a\u00f1os. Necesitan el apoyo del mundo.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Por Thijs Berman, Director Ejecutivo de NIMD. Thijs fue Jefe de la Misi\u00f3n de Observaci\u00f3n Electoral de la Uni\u00f3n Europea en Afganist\u00e1n en 2009 y 2014. Analiza lo que sali\u00f3 mal en Afganist\u00e1n y lo que los defensores de la democracia pueden aprender para el futuro. En veinte a\u00f1os, el drama del pueblo afgano ha vivido tres actos. El primero ... <\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":24974,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[149],"tags":[],"countries":[],"theme":[],"class_list":["post-18970","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-opinion-analysis"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nLessons from Afghanistan - NIMD<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/nimd.org\/es\/lessons-from-afghanistan\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Lessons from Afghanistan\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"By Thijs Berman, Executive Director of NIMD. Thijs was Head of the European Union\u2019s Election Observer Mission to Afghanistan in 2009 and 2014. He explores what went wrong in Afghanistan, and what advocates of democracy can learn for the future. In twenty years, the drama of the Afghan people has seen three acts. The first …\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/nimd.org\/es\/lessons-from-afghanistan\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"NIMD\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2021-08-20T15:06:46+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-04-07T08:12:48+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/nimd.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/517861541_2c594a916c_o.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"475\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"310\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"superadmin\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Escrito por\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"superadmin\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Tiempo de lectura\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutos\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/nimd.org\/nl\/lessons-from-afghanistan\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/nimd.org\/nl\/lessons-from-afghanistan\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"superadmin\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/nimd.org\/fr\/#\/schema\/person\/fecd680c201ede81b56eb098a17ad928\"},\"headline\":\"Lessons from Afghanistan\",\"datePublished\":\"2021-08-20T15:06:46+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-04-07T08:12:48+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/nimd.org\/nl\/lessons-from-afghanistan\/\"},\"wordCount\":583,\"commentCount\":0,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/nimd.org\/nl\/lessons-from-afghanistan\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/nimd.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/517861541_2c594a916c_o.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Opinion & analysis\"],\"inLanguage\":\"es\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/nimd.org\/nl\/lessons-from-afghanistan\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/nimd.org\/nl\/lessons-from-afghanistan\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/nimd.org\/nl\/lessons-from-afghanistan\/\",\"name\":\"Lessons from Afghanistan - NIMD\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/nimd.org\/fr\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/nimd.org\/nl\/lessons-from-afghanistan\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/nimd.org\/nl\/lessons-from-afghanistan\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/nimd.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/517861541_2c594a916c_o.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2021-08-20T15:06:46+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-04-07T08:12:48+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/nimd.org\/fr\/#\/schema\/person\/fecd680c201ede81b56eb098a17ad928\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/nimd.org\/nl\/lessons-from-afghanistan\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"es\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/nimd.org\/nl\/lessons-from-afghanistan\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"es\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/nimd.org\/nl\/lessons-from-afghanistan\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/nimd.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/517861541_2c594a916c_o.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/nimd.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/517861541_2c594a916c_o.jpg\",\"width\":475,\"height\":310},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/nimd.org\/nl\/lessons-from-afghanistan\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/nimd.org\/fr\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Lessons from Afghanistan\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/nimd.org\/fr\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/nimd.org\/fr\/\",\"name\":\"NIMD\",\"description\":\"Democracy Starts With Dialogue\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/nimd.org\/fr\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"es\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/nimd.org\/fr\/#\/schema\/person\/fecd680c201ede81b56eb098a17ad928\",\"name\":\"superadmin\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"es\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/nimd.org\/fr\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/1d1e7ebaf312b717161d349f71f6060e0ed86d7a652cbc37adc644a79988d181?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/1d1e7ebaf312b717161d349f71f6060e0ed86d7a652cbc37adc644a79988d181?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"superadmin\"}}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Lecciones de Afganist\u00e1n - NIMD","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/nimd.org\/es\/lessons-from-afghanistan\/","og_locale":"es_ES","og_type":"article","og_title":"Lessons from Afghanistan","og_description":"By Thijs Berman, Executive Director of NIMD. Thijs was Head of the European Union\u2019s Election Observer Mission to Afghanistan in 2009 and 2014. He explores what went wrong in Afghanistan, and what advocates of democracy can learn for the future. In twenty years, the drama of the Afghan people has seen three acts. The first …","og_url":"https:\/\/nimd.org\/es\/lessons-from-afghanistan\/","og_site_name":"NIMD","article_published_time":"2021-08-20T15:06:46+00:00","article_modified_time":"2025-04-07T08:12:48+00:00","og_image":[{"width":475,"height":310,"url":"https:\/\/nimd.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/517861541_2c594a916c_o.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"superadmin","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Escrito por":"superadmin","Tiempo de lectura":"3 minutos"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/nimd.org\/nl\/lessons-from-afghanistan\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/nimd.org\/nl\/lessons-from-afghanistan\/"},"author":{"name":"superadmin","@id":"https:\/\/nimd.org\/fr\/#\/schema\/person\/fecd680c201ede81b56eb098a17ad928"},"headline":"Lessons from Afghanistan","datePublished":"2021-08-20T15:06:46+00:00","dateModified":"2025-04-07T08:12:48+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/nimd.org\/nl\/lessons-from-afghanistan\/"},"wordCount":583,"commentCount":0,"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/nimd.org\/nl\/lessons-from-afghanistan\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/nimd.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/517861541_2c594a916c_o.jpg","articleSection":["Opinion & analysis"],"inLanguage":"es","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/nimd.org\/nl\/lessons-from-afghanistan\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/nimd.org\/nl\/lessons-from-afghanistan\/","url":"https:\/\/nimd.org\/nl\/lessons-from-afghanistan\/","name":"Lecciones de Afganist\u00e1n - NIMD","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/nimd.org\/fr\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/nimd.org\/nl\/lessons-from-afghanistan\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/nimd.org\/nl\/lessons-from-afghanistan\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/nimd.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/517861541_2c594a916c_o.jpg","datePublished":"2021-08-20T15:06:46+00:00","dateModified":"2025-04-07T08:12:48+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/nimd.org\/fr\/#\/schema\/person\/fecd680c201ede81b56eb098a17ad928"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/nimd.org\/nl\/lessons-from-afghanistan\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"es","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/nimd.org\/nl\/lessons-from-afghanistan\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"es","@id":"https:\/\/nimd.org\/nl\/lessons-from-afghanistan\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/nimd.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/517861541_2c594a916c_o.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/nimd.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/517861541_2c594a916c_o.jpg","width":475,"height":310},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/nimd.org\/nl\/lessons-from-afghanistan\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/nimd.org\/fr\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Lessons from Afghanistan"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/nimd.org\/fr\/#website","url":"https:\/\/nimd.org\/fr\/","name":"NIMD","description":"La democracia empieza por el di\u00e1logo","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/nimd.org\/fr\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"es"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/nimd.org\/fr\/#\/schema\/person\/fecd680c201ede81b56eb098a17ad928","name":"superadmin","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"es","@id":"https:\/\/nimd.org\/fr\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/1d1e7ebaf312b717161d349f71f6060e0ed86d7a652cbc37adc644a79988d181?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/1d1e7ebaf312b717161d349f71f6060e0ed86d7a652cbc37adc644a79988d181?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"superadmin"}}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/nimd.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18970","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/nimd.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/nimd.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nimd.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nimd.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=18970"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/nimd.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18970\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":24973,"href":"https:\/\/nimd.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18970\/revisions\/24973"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nimd.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/24974"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/nimd.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=18970"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nimd.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=18970"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nimd.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=18970"},{"taxonomy":"countries","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nimd.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/countries?post=18970"},{"taxonomy":"theme","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nimd.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/theme?post=18970"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}